Extract:
The Sleep Workout
Developing muscle growth is an effective way to stay healthy as we get older, but many people find it difficult to develop this muscle growth, even after modifying their exercise routine and food intake. What many people may not realize is that getting the proper amount of uninterrupted sleep plays a major role in the development of muscle.
The hard work of developing muscle is done in the gym, on a track, or on the court, but the actual growth takes places during the rest periods that follow a workout. Your body immediately begins rebuilding the muscle fibers that were broken down during the course of your workout. Much of this process is carried out while you are sleeping, so without a full night of sleep, muscle fibers will not have the opportunity to rebuild.
Human growth hormone (HGH) is an amino acid that is central to regulating metabolism, building muscle, facilitating calcium retention, and stimulating the immune system. The amount of HGH in your body spikes significantly during deep sleep, which makes getting at least 7 to 10 hours of sleep every night imperative to anyone hoping to develop additional muscle growth.
Recent studies have linked inadequate amounts of sleep to lowered levels of leptin, a hormone in the brain that controls appetite. Test subjects who received less sleep, or frequently interrupted sleep, would crave carbohydrates even after their caloric needs reached satiety. This can contribute to obesity and negatively affect any good habits people may have developed with regard to food intake.
In this passage, which of the following is not mentioned as a role of HGH in the human body?
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A
Regulating the metabolism
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B
Stimulating the immune system
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C
Regulating leptin, an appetite-controlling hormone
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D
Facilitating calcium retention
The role not mentioned for HGH is regulating leptin, leptin appears as a separate hormone affected by sleep, with no described relationship to HGH.
A) Regulating the metabolism
Explicitly listed: HGH is "central to regulating metabolism" among its functions.
B) Stimulating the immune system
Explicitly listed: HGH functions include "stimulating the immune system."
C) Regulating leptin, an appetite-controlling hormone
Never mentioned. Leptin appears in paragraph four as independently affected by sleep ("inadequate amounts of sleep to lowered levels of leptin") with no connection to HGH described.
D) Facilitating calcium retention
Explicitly listed: HGH functions include "facilitating calcium retention."
Conclusion
Three HGH roles appear explicitly: metabolism regulation, immune stimulation, and calcium retention. Leptin regulation represents an unstated relationship, the passage treats leptin and HGH as separate hormonal systems both influenced by sleep but not interacting with each other.