Extract:
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a form of the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium that is resistant to antibiotics and as a result is very difficult to treat. MRSA now kills more Americans every year than HIV/AIDS, and the rates of infection are rising.
Methicillin is an antibiotic that was introduced in the 1960s as a way of combating the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium that is ubiquitous in hospitals. Within a year, doctors began finding strains of bacteria that had already developed immunity to methicillin. By the 1990s, MRSA had become the leading hospital-acquired skin infection in the United States. At the same time MRSA started appearing outside of hospitals. These were different strains of the bacteria, but just as dangerous, and spreading just as quickly. In the past 15 years, MRSA bacteria have become ubiquitous not only in hospitals, but in gyms, locker rooms, swimming pools, and any other settings where human contact is common.
Researchers in Ireland are developing a technology that may significantly halt the spread of the hospital-associated MRSA bacteria. They have developed a textile consisting of nanomaterials 1,000 times smaller than a human hair; these textiles are shown to halt the spread of infection and can be used for linens, drapes, and upholstery in hospitals. The potential for this technology to reduce the instances of hospital associated MRSA is staggering.
You can reduce your risk for community-associated MRSA infection by regularly washing your hands, covering all open wounds with a clean bandage, and not sharing any personal items like razors or towels.
Which statement would not be inferred by the reader?
-
A
Hospitals may soon limit the spread of infection with a new textile.
-
B
MRSA begins by infecting the skin.
-
C
You are most likely to contract MRSA in a crowded location.
-
D
Used clothing stores may harbor MRSA.
The statement that would not be inferred is that used clothing stores may harbor MRSA, while plausible given community transmission, the passage never mentions secondhand clothing or retail environments.
A) Hospitals may soon limit the spread of infection with a new textile.
Reasonably inferred from "potential for this technology to reduce the instances of hospital associated MRSA is staggering" combined with development stage ("researchers... are developing"), suggesting imminent implementation.
B) MRSA begins by infecting the skin.
Reasonably inferred from "MRSA had become the leading hospital-acquired skin infection" and description of covering "open wounds" for prevention, establishing skin as primary infection site.
C) You are most likely to contract MRSA in a crowded location.
Reasonably inferred from transmission occurring "in any other settings where human contact is common" and specific examples (gyms, locker rooms, pools), all characterized by crowding and shared surfaces.
D) Used clothing stores may harbor MRSA.
Cannot be inferred, the passage never mentions clothing retail environments, secondhand items, or textile transmission beyond the experimental hospital fabric. While theoretically possible, this extrapolation lacks textual support.
Conclusion
Valid inferences must extend logically from explicit textual evidence without introducing specific environments or transmission vectors absent from the passage. Used clothing stores represent an unsupported extrapolation beyond the documented community settings (gyms, pools, locker rooms).