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Attempts 127

Which substance’s volume would be most affected by temperature change?

  1. A
    Liquid nitrogen
  2. B
    Salt crystals
  3. C
    Hydrogen gas
  4. D
    Iron filings

Topic Flashcards

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Question

State Charles's Law. What are the conditions (which variables must be held constant)?

Answer

Charles's Law states that the volume (V) of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (T). In formula: V ∝ T (when pressure and amount of gas are constant).

Question

Rank solids, liquids, and gases in order from least to greatest thermal volume expansion for a given temperature increase. Explain why.

Answer

Solids < Liquids < Gases. Solids have strong intermolecular forces in a rigid structure, liquids have moderate forces, and gases have very weak forces with particles far apart, allowing much greater expansion.

Question

If a sample of hydrogen gas at 300 K occupies 2.0 L, what volume will it occupy at 450 K (assuming constant pressure)?

Answer

Using Charles's Law (V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂): V₂ = V₁ * (T₂/T₁) = 2.0 L * (450 K / 300 K) = 2.0 L * 1.5 = 3.0 L.

Question

Why does a gas show a much larger volume change with temperature compared to a solid? Use ideas from the kinetic molecular theory.

Answer

Gas particles are far apart with negligible attractive forces. Increasing temperature greatly increases their average kinetic energy, causing more frequent, forceful collisions with the container walls, which pushes the walls outward, increasing volume significantly. In solids, particles are locked in place and only vibrate more.

Question

What is the coefficient of volume expansion, and how does its typical magnitude compare for gases versus solids?

Answer

It's a constant (β) that quantifies the fractional change in volume per degree of temperature change (ΔV/V₀ = βΔT). For ideal gases, β is about 0.00367 K⁻¹ (or 1/273 K⁻¹), while for solids like iron, it's on the order of 0.000036 K⁻¹—about 100 times smaller.

Mini Quiz

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Does Charles's Law apply to liquids and solids?

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